《中国新一代人工智能发展报告2019》发布

5月24日,《中国新一代人工智能发展报告2019》(中英文版)在浦江创新论坛上发布,《报告》从全球形势、创新环境、科研突破、经济发展、社会应用、人才支撑、区域格局等视角,对过去一年中国人工智能发展总体情况进行了回顾,力图客观反映《新一代人工智能发展规划》规划启动实施以来的落实推进情况,揭示未来发展所面临的新形势和新挑战。

《报告》由科技部新一代人工智能发展研究中心、中国科学技术发展战略研究院联合国内外十余家机构编写。中国科学技术信息研究所、教育部学校规划建设中心、中国科学院自动化所、中国社科院工业经济研究所、上海市科学学研究所等科研机构,以及清华大学、中国人民大学、北京邮电大学、华东理工大学等大学参与了报告的编写,报告得到了爱思唯尔(Elsevier)公司、北京国知预警专利咨询公司、艾瑞咨询集团、乌镇智库等机构的数据支持。

报告分析发现,2018年以来,人工智能(AI)对科技、产业和社会变革的巨大潜力得到全球更加广泛认同,各国人工智能战略布局进一步升级,人工智能正在从少数大国关注走向全球布局的新格局。2018年,有12个国家地区陆续发布或加强了其国家级人工智能战略计划,另有11个国家正在筹备制定其人工智能国家战略。

《报告》分析结果显示,美国、中国、英国在人工智能发展方面表现突出,其它国家也各有特点。美国人工智能论文引文影响力(FWCI)、PCT专利数量、企业数量和融资规模等指标都居全球第一,整体实力领跑全球。中国人工智能论文发文量居全球最高,企业数量、融资规模居全球第二,但引文影响力指标(FWCI)相对落后。英国人工智能论文发文量、总被引次数、企业数量、融资规模等指标排名第三,在全球人工智能领域也具相当实力。以色列虽然论文和企业数量不多,但论文引文影响力指标(FWCI)以及产学研合作指标突出。日、韩两国在专利申请方面也体现了一定优势。

据报告分析,2013-2018年,全球人工智能领域的论文文献产出共30.5万篇,其中,中国发表7.4万篇,美国发表5.2万篇。中美两国之间人工智能科研论文合作规模最大,是全球人工智能合作网络的中心,中美两国合作深刻影响全球人工智能发展。

《报告》指出,过去一年来中国人工智能产业化落地加快推进,正在为中国新旧动能转换和国民经济高质量发展提供有力支撑;社会服务领域应用场景丰富,为中国人工智能技术加快落地加速迭代提供了条件。同时,《报告》也指出了当前中国人工智能发展中尚存在的一些问题。比如在人工智能引文影响力等体现科研质量的指标方面还较落后,另外,但在共性技术平台、芯片处理器等企业数量较少,基础层领域发展相对薄弱

报告认为,人工智能正在由学术界驱动转向学术界和产业界共同驱动,需要产学研协同创新。然而,从数据上看,中国人工智能校企合作论文比例与美国、以色列等国家相比还有较大差距,人工智能学术研究仍以高校为主,与企业的结合程度较弱。高校和科研机构的科研成果与企业的实际需求结合不够紧密,企业在科研项目中的参与程度较低,真正以市场为导向、产学研协同开展的人工智能科研活动仍有待加强。

中国正加快人工智能发展步伐,自2017年《新一代人工智能发展规划》发布以来,全国已有19个省(直辖市、自治区)发布了26项人工智能专项政策,并提出了各自的发展定位与目标。人工智能学科和专业建设加快推进,全国30多所高校成立了AI学院,75所高校自主设置了89个人工智能相关二级学科或交叉学科。人工智能进入高中新课标,第一本高中教材《人工智能基础(高中版)》出版。人工智能企业通过与研究型大学共建联合实验室、研究院、研究中心等方式加速人工智能高水平人才成长,多层次AI人才培养体系逐步形成。

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