新技术颠覆全息影像传输方式

假想有这样一种场景,悠闲的午后,两个姑娘坐在咖啡馆里收到了同一份加密全息数据,然而利用不同的“光钥”解码,一人在看演唱会,另一人眼前呈现的是一场电影的全息影像。

比科幻大片里的场景还更进了一步!上海理工大学人工智能纳米光子学研究中心顾敏教授领衔的科研团队,创造性地利用具有“螺旋”特性的轨道角动量光束作为光学全息过程中的信息载体,实现了世界上首个超宽带的光学全息过程,为大数据信息时代提供了大容量全息术。他们研发的轨道角动量全息技术,不仅颠覆了全息影像的传输方式,更是为传输过程设置了“信息安全”的保护屏障,使得这样酷炫的场景可以变为现实。

日前,相关研究成果以长文形式发表在世界光学顶尖期刊《自然-光子学》上。

能够将图片信息存储能力提高100倍

对于传统全息显示技术而言,一张平面全息图往往只能记录一张图片,然而随着信息时代的快速发展,我们需要利用相同的内存来记录下更多的图片。利用最新发现的轨道角动量全息技术,相同的内存能够将图片信息存储能力提高100倍,为下一代大容量全息技术打下基础。

这是近年来中国科研人员在该刊发表的唯一一篇全息信息安全技术领域长文,上海理工大学人工智能纳米光子学研究中心顾敏教授是该论文通讯作者,上理工光电信息与计算机工程学院特聘研究员方心远博士为第一作者。

据方心远介绍:“传统全息显示技术中,只有通过增加信号源的方法提升信息通道的数目以实现复杂的显示效果,往往出现‘带宽不够’‘分辨率不高’等情况。而我们发现,‘螺旋程度’不同的轨道角动量光对应了同一信号源不同的信息通道,结合纳米光子学技术,仅仅利用一个纳米级的信号源便可以实现超宽带的全息显示效果。这就可以为大众提供更优质的信息记录手段和出色的视觉体验。”

而在顾敏看来,这只是该项技术的优势之一,它的“硬实力”还在于创造性地为全息技术加装一把安全“锁”。“传统意义上,一把全息‘锁’只有一种解码方式,而我们的研究把‘螺旋光’配成多把‘钥匙’,可以将同一把全息‘锁’解码出不同的信息,收信人根据手里的‘光钥’解读出只有他自己才能看到的最终信息,这就保护了信息传递的安全性。”

在人工智能、三维显示等领域大有可为

全息技术本身就是数据并行处理的一种重要信息处理手段,而轨道角动量全息技术最大优势在于增加了带宽,使用轨道角动量全息技术,能够让更多信息记录在一组数据当中。

微软前段时间利用三维体全息的思路,在玻璃上记录下可以保存几百年的数据。早在2013年,顾敏院士课题组利用双光束超分辨原理突破了光学衍射极限,获得9纳米加工特征尺寸的世界纪录。加工尺度越小,一张芯片的容量可以越大,芯片的价值也就越高。

而方心远告诉记者:“利用我们的技术,可以在二维平面上记录完全基于全光学方式读出的数据,这样一来,加工过程变得更加简单,读取数据也更加节能,这是目前全世界唯一能实现这一效果的手段。”

顾敏院士说:“轨道角动量全息技术在人工智能、三维显示、数字全息显微技术、数据存储、人工神经网络等多个领域将大有可为。此外,还可以将其应用在量子光学领域,为信息交互过程提供前所未有的安全保障。”

源于一份“不可能”完成的作业

机遇总是不期而遇,这样的突破源于一份“不可能”完成的作业,也像一个现代版伯乐与千里马的故事。

去年,尚在读博的方心远刚好看到顾敏院士课题组在《科学》发表的一篇前沿文章,就试着联系顾敏,并取得了与世界顶级团队短期交流的机会。

加入团队后,顾敏给了方心远一个命题作业,“螺旋光束能不能在全息场景下携带信息?”这是顾敏脑海中一直在琢磨的课题。然而方心远经过两周的苦思冥想,却不得不给老师这样的答复:“这不可能。”原来,这一课题按照现有的原理来推算的话,是根本不可能实现的一种假设,就好像是一道数学题,虽给出了“答案”却根本没有“推导过程”。

“要不试试,让布拉格衍射定律在傅里叶空间延伸?”一个月后,方心远竟然打破了自己的结论,创造性地将物理学与数学理论结合,有了新的灵感。最终,仅仅耗时9个月,这份“不可能”的作业就被方心远攻破了,这个想要做“高水平科研”的年轻学者让只有9%命中率的顶尖科研杂志里有了他的名字,而且是8个版面无删减的长文。在他看来,这一切都得益于顾敏的那份“作业”,现在,他已经全职加入顾敏的团队,把这份“作业”继续做下去,要在光学领域做深做实。

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